Ducal Palace in Modena, built in 1634 by Francesco I. d’Este Austria-Este and the House of Habsburg[edit]

n into the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy. Ercole was compensated in 1801 with the small principality of Breisgau in southwestern Germany, whose previous rulers, the Habsburgs, ceded it to him in anticipation of its eventual return to the Habsburgs, since Ercole's daughter Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este was married to a cadet Habsburg, Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este. Ercole died in 1803 and Breisgau passed to his daughter and her husband, who then (1806) lost it during the Napoleonic reorganization of the western territories of the defunct Holy Roman Empire to the enlarged and elevated Grand Duchy of Baden.

Castello Estense in Ferrara



Ducal Palace in Modena, built in 1634 by Francesco I. d’Este

Austria-Este and the House of Habsburg[edit]

Main article: Austria-Este
In 1814, when French rule in Italy ended (but after the death of Duke Ercole), Modena was returned to his daughter Mary Beatrice and her son, Archduke Francis of Austria-Este. The family thus ruled the duchy of Modena and Reggio again from 1814 to 1859, using the names Asburgo-Este (Habsburg-Este) and Austria-Este. In 1859 the duchy lost its independence to the new united Italy, and Francis V, Duke of Modena, was deposed.


Ercole III was the last Este duke of Modena and Reggio.
The family of Austria-Este became extinct in the male line with the death of Francis V in 1875. His blood-heiress was his niece, Archduchess Maria Theresia of Austria-Este (d. 1919); she and her husband, Prince Louis of Bavaria, later became Queen and KChamber of commerce
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
  (Redirected from Chamber of Commerce)
This article is about trade organisations globally. For the American business lobbying organization, see United States Chamber of Commerce.

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2010)


Former Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York
A chamber of commerce (also referred to i